What is ASD?

Main clinical features

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined by two broad sets of characteristics:

• Differences in communication and social interaction, which may involve understanding and use of verbal or nonverbal language, social reciprocity, and the perception of implicit social conventions;

• Restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities, such as rigid routines, strong focus on certain topics or objects, or sensory particularities (DSM-5, ICD-11).

The intensity and combination of these features vary considerably from one person to another. ASD may be present with or without intellectual disability.

Diagnosis

ASD diagnosis is based on an in-depth clinical assessment conducted by a multidisciplinary team (physician, psychologist, neuropsychologist, speech-language therapist, etc.). It relies on behavioral observation across contexts, clinical interviews with the person and their relatives, and standardized tools such as the ADI-R or ADOS-2.

A diagnosis can be made at any age, although ASD features appear from early childhood. The goal is not labeling but better understanding functioning to guide appropriate supports.

After the diagnosis

Receiving an ASD diagnosis enables better self-understanding (for oneself or one’s child) and access to personalized support (educational, therapeutic, occupational) tailored to individual needs.

Depending on the situation and impact of ASD on daily life, disability recognition may be requested to access administrative supports and specific educational or workplace accommodations.

Diagnosis is not an endpoint but a starting point for implementing adaptations and accommodations that foster autonomy, well-being, and social participation.

All about neurodiversity

With Atypical Path 🐙