What is giftedness?

Key scientific features

Giftedness refers to cognitive performance statistically above average, generally defined by a Full-Scale IQ ≥ 130 (two standard deviations above the mean) on standardized scales.

Some profiles are called homogeneous when high performance is observed in each cognitive domain, while others are heterogeneous: a high Full-Scale IQ may coexist with contrasting index scores (e.g., excellent processing speed but average working memory).

No personality trait “specific” to HPI has been robustly demonstrated. HPI can co-occur with other characteristics (ASD, ADHD, DYS): this is termed twice exceptionality (2e). The presence of HPI neither excludes nor implies another condition.

Assessment

Assessment is conducted by a psychologist or neuropsychologist trained in administering and interpreting normed tests (e.g., WPPSI-IV, WISC-V, WAIS-IV). It is not a medical diagnosis nor a disorder: giftedness is a psychometric criterion.

Depending on needs, assessment may include complementary tests (executive functions, attention, learning) to screen for or rule out possible co-occurring conditions.

Results must always be interpreted: understanding what a Full-Scale IQ ≥ 130 does (and does not) mean, and how to leverage profile strengths.

After the assessment

The aim is to provide psychoeducation and concrete recommendations regarding schooling, study methods, work strategies, or living environment (including occupational).

Giftedness does not in itself grant specific rights: educational or workplace accommodations are relevant only when there is documented functional impact, often in the case of twice exceptionality.

Follow-up may be offered as needed to better understand cognitive functioning and adjust strategies across contexts.

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